'G' Codes & 'M' Codes (NC Words)
'N' or 'O' : Sequence Number. This is just a numerical way to keep the lines in proper sequence.
'G' : Preparatory function. This prepares the machine to perform a particular function.
'M' : Miscellaneous function. This can be used for a variety of operations, depending on the manufacturer or company.
'F' : Feed rate. This is the speed at which the tool will do its cutting.
'T' : Tool number. Each tool has a separate number, which can be called up as many times as needed. Tools do not need to be called up in sequential order.
'S' : Speed rate. This is the number of revolutions the tool will make each minute or rpm.
G-Codes:
This is the preparatory function word, consists of the address character G followed by a two digit code number, known as G-code. The total number of these codes are 100, out of which some of important codes (for Lathe) are given as under with their functions.
G00 - Positioning at rapid speed
G01 - Linear interpolation (machining a straight line)
G02 - Circular interpolation clockwise (machining arcs)
G03 - Circular interpolation, counter clockwise (machining arcs)
G20 - Inch units
G21 - Metric units
G32 - Thread cutting
G90 - Absolute programming
G91 - Incremental programming
G98 - Per minute feed
G99 - Per revolution feed
M-Codes:
It consists of character M followed by two digit numbers representing an auxiliary function such as Turning ON/OFF spindle, etc. These functions do not relate to dimensional movement of the machine. Some important codes are given under with their functions.
M00 - Program stop
M01 - Optional program stop
M02 - Program end
M03 - Spindle on clockwise
M04 - Spindle on counter clockwise
M05 - Spindle off
M06 – Tool change
M08 - Coolant on
M09 - Coolant off
M30 - Program end & return to start
END
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